The Glyoxylate Cycle (Steps involved, Significance and Regulation)
In plants, certain invertebrates and some microorganisms (including E. coli and yeast), acetate can serve both as an energy-rich fuel and as a source of […]
Microbiology
Regulation of gene expression of Lac Operon in E. coli
Regulation of gene expression involves two steps; transcription and translation to form a complete protein or enzyme. Some enzymes are required under certain conditions but […]
Tollen’s test or Silver mirror test: Principle, Requirements, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Limitations
Tollen’s test is a chemical test used to distinguish reducing sugars from non-reducing sugars. It is also known as silver mirror test since free silver […]
Antibody mediated immune response (AMI) and its effector mechanism
Antibody mediated immune response (AMI) and its effector functions Antibody-mediated immune response is the host defense mechanism that is mediated by antibodies present in the […]
Five major classes of Antibodies and their Biological Activities
Heavy-chain sequence analysis of an immunoglobulin molecule revealed five basic sequence patterns. These five basic sequences correspond to five different heavy-chain constant (C) regions named […]
Differences between 70S and 80S ribosomes
S.N. Characteristics 70S Ribosomes 80S Ribosomes 1. Occurrence They occur in prokaryotic cells and in the mitochondria and plastids of eukaryotic cells. They occur only […]
Western blotting: Principle, Steps involved and Applications
Western blotting technique is used for the separation and identification of a specific protein in a complex mixture of proteins based on their molecular weight. […]
Optochin Test: Principle, Requirements, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Limitations
Principle: Optochin test is used to determine the effect of Optochin (ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride) on an organism. Optochin is a chemical used as an antibiotic that […]
Classification of Streptococcus
The genus Streptococcus includes a large number of species of Gram-positive, catalase negative cocci. They are non-motile and non-spore forming. They are arranged in chains […]
Bacitracin Test or Bacitracin Susceptibility Test (Principle, Procedure, Requirements, Result Interpretation and Limitations)
Bacitracin test is one of the antimicrobial disc tests used to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to bacitracin. It is used for distinguishing group A […]