Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Principle, types and applications)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, commonly known as ELISA or EIA is one of the most sensitive techniques for detecting antigen or antibody. The reaction between an […]
Microbiology
Oxidase test by Kovac’s method (Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Precautions)
Principle: This test is performed to determine or identify the presence of an enzyme cytochrome oxidase (of the electron transport chain) in bacterial cells. The […]
Catalase test (Principle, Procedure, Result interpretation and precautions)
Principle The enzyme catalase, which is produced by many aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, neutralizes toxic forms of oxygen metabolites like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and […]
Kingdom Mycota or Fungi: General characteristics and classification
Kingdom Mycota consists of eukaryotic organisms. Fungi exist in two fundamental forms; multicellular, filamentous or hyphal form (molds) and unicellular or budding form (yeast). They […]
Germ tube formation test (Principle, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Limitations)
Germ tube is a young hypha (short, non-nucleated and non-septate) growing out of a yeast cell or spore (in spore-releasing fungi) during their germination. They […]
Helicobacter pylori (General properties, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and treatment)
General properties: Man appears to be the sole reservoir of H.pylori and it colonizes the gastric mucosa of almost one in four of the adult […]
Antigen and its types
A protein or carbohydrate that evokes our immune system and initiates the immune response is called an immunogen. Immunogens are associated with an infectious agent […]
Differences between active and passive immunity
S.N. Active immunity Passive immunity 1. Host itself produces antibodies to provide immunity. The antibodies produced in other hosts in passively received by the host. […]
Primary and secondary immune response
When an antigen is introduced for the first time in a host, it activates T and B cells. Activation of B- cells produces memory cells […]
Bacterial transduction and its types
Transduction is the transfer of gene or portion of DNA from one bacterium (donor) to another (recipient) mediated by a bacteriophage. In transduction, the bacteriophage […]