Pathogens that enter into bodies of water arrive there via intestinal discharges of humans or other animals. Furthermore, certain bacterial species, particularly Esherichia coli and […]
Antibiotics are a special kind of chemotherapeutic agent usually obtained from living organism. The word ‘antibiotic’ has come to refer to a metabolic product of […]
Certain species of bacteria produce spores, which are metabolically dormant structure and might be present either within the cell (endospores) or external to the cell […]
Bacterial flagella are hairlike, helical appendages that protrude through the cell wall. They are responsible for motility in bacteria and are much thinner than the […]
Principle: This test is performed to determine or identify the presence of an enzyme cytochrome oxidase (of the electron transport chain) in bacterial cells. The […]
Principle The enzyme catalase, which is produced by many aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, neutralizes toxic forms of oxygen metabolites like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and […]
General properties: Man appears to be the sole reservoir of H.pylori and it colonizes the gastric mucosa of almost one in four of the adult […]
In higher organisms, growth means increase in size and volume of the organism whereas in case of bacteria, growth refers to the increase in their […]
S.N Gram positive bacteria Gram negative bacteria 1. They retain the color of crystal violet and stain dark blue or purple. They take the color […]
Plasmids are extra-chromosomal DNA. They are circular and double stranded DNA molecules which encode traits that are not essential for bacterial viability (normal growth and […]
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