Differences between Metals and Non-metals

S.N. Metals Non-metals
1. Metals are usually solids at room temperature. {Exception: Mercury (Hg) and Gallium (Ga) are liquid metals}. Non-metals usually are solids or gas at ordinary temperature. {Exception: Bromine (Br) is liquid non-metal}.
2. They usually have high melting and boiling points. The exceptions are Lithium, Sodium and Potassium which melt and boil at low temperatures. They usually have low melting and boiling points. The exceptions are Carbon, Boron and Silicon which are solids with high melting and boiling points.
3. Metals are usually malleable, i.e. they can be rolled or hammered into thin sheets without breaking. Non- metals are nonmalleable. They are usually brittle and become powder when beaten.
4. They are usually ductile,i.e. they can be drawn into thin wires without breaking. They are non-ductile, so they can’t be drawn into wires.
5. Metals are usually hard. Sodium and Potassium are soft. Sodium is so soft that it can be cut with a knife. Non-metals usually are light and soft, but Carbon in the form of diamond is the hardest substance known.
6. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Generally, they are bad conductors of heat and electricity, but graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
7. Metals usually have a metallic lustre and can be polished to give a highly reflective surface. Non-metals usually don’t have lustre and cannot be polished like metals.
8. Metals usually are sonorous and produce ringing sound on collision. They are non-sonorous and don’t produce ringing sound.
9. Most metals form alloys (mixture of metals). Non-metals don’t form alloys.

Differences between Metals and Non-metals