Differences between valve and transistor

Image Credit: https://joannaorlanda.weebly.com/second-generation-computers.html
S.N. Valve Transistor
1. Also known as vacuum tube or electron tube or tube, valve is a device that controls the flow of electric current in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied. Transistor is a semiconductor device with three terminals that amplifies or switches electronic signals and electrical power.
2. Electrons are the charge carriers in a valve. In n-type transistor, the charge carriers are electrons whereas in p-type, holes are the charge carriers.
3. Charge carriers (mobile electron cloud) are generated by heated metal cathode, a process called thermionic emission. Charge carriers are released by emitters. No heating element is required.
4. It is not so efficient because large power in wasted in heating. It is more efficient than valve since there is no wastage of power through heating.
5. A valve needs a high power source of a few hundred volts. A power source of a few volts is sufficient.
6. It requires a vacuum on its construction. It doesn’t require vacuum on its construction.
7. A valve doesn’t work instantaneously when switched on since time is required for the cathode to get heated. It works instantaneously when switched on.
8. Comparatively it has a bigger size and more weight due to which it has limited applications in electronics. It has a small size and less weight due to which it is widely used in modern electronic appliances.

Differences between valve and transistor